The Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) has earned one of the highest rates of police killings in the world

 

1939, Alcoholics Anonymous published The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism. That book contained their now-famous 'Twelve-Step Programme' for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioural problems, which has been applied to issues other than alcohol addiction. The first of the 12 steps towards rehabilitation is to admit that you have a problem; denial that there is a difficulty will almost guarantee that the problem will not go away. On the other hand, admitting that we have a problem is to take the essential first step on the (perhaps long) journey towards the solution or resolution. The Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) has earned one of the highest rates of police killings in the world, while Jamaica has one of the highest murder rates in the world. The suggestion is that the former is a response to the latter: that is, in an effort to 'clear up' the large number of pending murder investigations, the police rid the society of murder suspects by engaging them in 'shoot-outs' from which the suspects do not recover. The official rules of engagement forbid the use of excessive force by the police in the process of apprehending suspects. The police are not allowed to kill a suspect unless the policeman's or someone else's life is in imminent danger - they are not supposed to aim for the head or heart, if a shot in the leg will do the job. Relatively few murder suspects are taken alive by the JCF. Possibly, Jamaican policemen have little confidence in the ability of our justice system to convict apprehended murder suspects, especially those with political connections, and so they might choose to take 'justice' into their own hands, which is, in fact, grave injustice, for even wrongdoers have a right to their day in court. For a fact: despite eyewitness and video evidence, the Jamaican justice system has been unable to convict many policemen of murder, of extrajudicial killings, and efforts to bring murderous policemen to justice have led to the creation of at least four investigative bodies - so far. The old police complaints department at 34 Duke Street never seemed to be able to find any evidence to even charge policemen for murder. I suppose the old maxim is still true: 'Police cannot investigate police.' The 'squaddie mentality' determines that policemen cannot be objective when it comes to dealing with their own. It certainly was not 'independent'. And so in 1993, the Government created the Police Public Com-plaints Authority (PPCA), a body outside the JCF, to investigate JCF members. It had a little investigative capability, but had to rely on JCF detectives to do much of its investigation. The government of the day, sympathetic to the police, set up a body it should have known could not work. It was toothless, compromised by its incestuous relationship with the very body it was set up to investigate. The 'squaddie mentality' trumped external oversight, and in the end it was not 'independent'. here come bsi and others As the number of police killings increased, and in the face of increased criticism, in late 1997 the JCF set up within its own ranks the Bureau of Special Investigations (BSI) to investigate JCF excesses. It did not even pretend to be an independent body, and failed to find evidence against many policemen. 'Police cannot investigate police.' And in 2009, the government set up INDECOM - the Independent Commission of Investigations - independent of the JCF, to try to bring to justice any murderers within the ranks of the police who have been benefiting from the lack of ability of the Force to investigate itself. All of these efforts to establish an entity to bring law and order within the police have been made because the JCF has a problem, about which it is in denial. The JCF has refused to take even Step One towards a resolution by admitting that police kill too many Jamaicans. The Police Federation wishes INDECOM to be as toothless as the PPCA, and as benign as the old complaints department at 34 Duke Street and the BSI. Last Wednesday, Police Federation Chairman Constable Franz Morrison called for the resignation of the INDECOM head because of his participation in a press conference with human rights lobby Jamaicans for Justice on Tuesday. Constable Morrison says the INDECOM head has been compromised because rank-and-file JCF members are now of the view that INDECOM investigations will no longer be independent. Why does the Police Federation want INDECOM to be independent of concerns about human rights? Take the first step, Constable Morrison! Peter Espeut is a sociologist and Roman Catholic deacon. Email feedback to columns@gleanerjm.com.

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